Sun Damage and Sun Protection

Kandice Bieker·July 1, 2025·0 comments

By: Kent Whitaker, III-A Dermatologist PA

Over the past two decades, public awareness and scientific understanding of sun damage and protection have expanded significantly. We now have a thorough understanding of how the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects the skin, contributing to a wide range of skin issues. On one end, prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to cosmetic concerns, including premature aging, skin thickening, darkening or yellowing, and the formation of wrinkles. On the more serious end, UV radiation is a leading cause of skin cancers—some of which can be disfiguring or life-threatening—as well as cataracts and other forms of eye damage.

However, sunlight is not all bad. Moderate sun exposure has notable health benefits, including stimulating vitamin D production, boosting mood, and encouraging outdoor physical activity. The key is to strike a balance between these benefits and the potential risks.

Among skin cancers, melanoma is the most dangerous, often eluding early detection. One of the most important signs to watch for is change—whether in the size, shape, or color of a mole, freckle, or bump.

These warning signs are summarized by the “ABCDE” guide:

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Color variation

Diameter (larger than a pencil eraser)

Evolution (changes over time)

An easy-to-remember tip is to look for the “Ugly Duckling”—a spot that looks noticeably different from the others.

Skin cancers can develop anywhere on the body, which is why regular skin self-checks are essential. Melanoma can arise in areas that have never had sun exposure. Performing a thorough check once a month can greatly improve your chances of detecting changes early when treatment is most effective. A self-check takes just five minutes and is best done in a well-lit bathroom, either before or after a shower, when you’re already undressed and comfortable. You’ll need both a full-length mirror and a handheld mirror to examine hard-to-see areas. Carefully inspect your entire body, noting any moles, freckles, or marks that look unusual or different from others. Be sure to track anything that appears even slightly irregular, so you can monitor it for changes over time. For guidance, follow the “ABCDE” method and the “Ugly Duckling” rule, as previously described.

The three most common types of skin cancer are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma. BCC most often appears on the face and scalp, while SCC may also show up on the arms and torso. Any new or changing skin growth, particularly one that bleeds, crusts, or feels rough, should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Smart sun habits focus not on avoiding the sun entirely, but on protecting the skin during exposure. Clothing offers a first line of defense: darker fabrics with a tight weave block more UV rays than lighter, loosely woven garments. Specialized sun-protective clothing labeled with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating provides reliable coverage. Don’t forget eye protection—UV-blocking sunglasses can help prevent sun-related eye damage.

Sunscreens serve as an essential second layer of defense. There are two primary types: chemical sunscreens, which absorb and convert UV radiation into heat, and mineral sunscreens, which reflect the rays. Mineral formulas, containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, often cause less irritation and are more water-resistant, though they may leave a slight white cast on the skin. Regardless of the type, most people apply sunscreen incorrectly—using too little or failing to reapply. Experts recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, applied generously and reapplied every two hours, especially when swimming or sweating. Pay special attention to high-risk areas such as the lips, nose, and ears.

Finally, the timing of sun exposure matters. The sun’s rays are most intense between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Try to seek shade during these hours or use protective clothing and sunscreen if being outdoors is unavoidable.

Protecting your skin from sun damage is not about living in fear of the sun, but about being informed and proactive. With the right habits—regular self-checks, proper use of sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and mindful timing—you can enjoy the benefits of sunlight while minimizing the risks. Skin cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer, and early detection remains one of the most effective tools for treatment. A little awareness goes a long way to keep your skin healthy, youthful, and safe for years to come.

Schedule your Skin Screening TODAY!!!